Many of us can recall the itchy, red spots of chickenpox that covered our bodies during childhood. What’s intriguing about chickenpox is that, for the most part, it typically occurs only once in a lifetime. But what accounts for this phenomenon? According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), chickenpox is caused by the highly contagious varicella-zoster virus. Dr. Manjusha Agarwal, Senior Consultant in Internal Medicine at Global Hospitals, Parel Mumbai, explained, “When someone contracts the Varicella-Zoster Virus (VZV), which causes chickenpox, their immune system produces antibodies to combat the virus. These antibodies offer long-lasting protection, greatly reducing the likelihood of contracting chickenpox again.”
Understanding Chickenpox
“Chickenpox generally occurs just once in a person’s lifetime due to the development of immunity following the initial infection,” Dr. Agarwal explained. Johns Hopkins Medicine confirms that while a second bout of chickenpox is theoretically possible, it is extremely rare. Instances of reinfection typically arise in individuals with severe immunodeficiency, representing only a small fraction of cases.
Despite the low likelihood of reinfection, Dr. Agarwal emphasized the importance of protecting oneself from the varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and seeking appropriate treatment post-infection. “VZV can persist in the body in a dormant state, primarily within nerve cells. Later in life, particularly when the immune system weakens due to factors such as aging or illness, the virus can reactivate and lead to a different condition known as shingles or herpes zoster,” she elaborated.
Understanding Shingles
The CDC reported, “Approximately 1-4% of individuals with shingles require hospitalization due to complications. Older adults and individuals with compromised immune systems are at higher risk of hospitalization. Roughly 30% of hospitalized shingles patients have a weakened or suppressed immune system.” Dr. Agarwal proceeded to outline the symptoms of shingles:
- Symptoms of shingles include:
- Pain, itching, or tingling of the skin
- Painful rash and blister-like sores, typically appearing on one side of the body, commonly on the face or torso
- Fever
- Headache
- Chills
- Upset stomach
In summary, the occurrence of chickenpox typically just once in a lifetime is attributed to the remarkable memory and efficacy of the human immune system. Following the initial infection, the immune system retains the capability to identify and defend against the virus. Moreover, vaccination has played a significant role in decreasing the prevalence of chickenpox. However, this doesn’t mean immunity from the threats posed by the varicella-zoster virus (VZV). It’s essential to take all necessary precautions to prevent the spread of the chickenpox virus. This includes isolating yourself and family members if they have chickenpox, avoiding direct contact with the blisters, saliva, and mucus of an infected individual, and practicing appropriate measures to protect against airborne infections.