A heart attack, also known as a myocardial infarction, occurs when a blood clot obstructs the flow of blood through a coronary artery, posing a life-threatening situation requiring immediate medical attention.
Similarly, prompt treatment is essential for stroke, ideally administered within three hours of symptom onset. Recognizing stroke symptoms and seeking immediate emergency care have been emphasized by the medical community.
Medication plays a crucial role in stroke treatment. Tissue plasminogen activator (t-PA) is a clot-dissolving medication that restores blood flow and oxygen to affected brain tissue in ischemic stroke cases. For thrombotic strokes, clot-prevention medications like heparin may be used later to prevent clot enlargement or new clot formation. Following stabilization, daily aspirin or other blood-thinning agents like ticlopidine or clopidogrel are typically prescribed to reduce the risk of recurrence.
However, t-PA is not suitable for hemorrhagic strokes. In such cases, surgery may be necessary to alleviate brain pressure caused by bleeding. Additionally, identifying blood vessel abnormalities, such as an aneurysm, may require surgical intervention to prevent future strokes.
Coronary artery bypass surgery may be performed during or after a heart attack, depending on the patient’s condition. This procedure involves redirecting veins or arteries beyond a blocked coronary artery to restore blood flow to the heart. Coronary angioplasty, often performed alongside coronary catheterization, aims to restore damaged arteries to the heart.
Severe stroke cases may necessitate hospitalization for observation and respiratory support if breathing is affected. Occupational and physical therapy, initiated early, aid in adapting to disabilities and regaining strength post-stroke. Rehabilitation centers provide intensive therapy to maximize recovery.
In cases of suspected heart attack with unconsciousness, immediate emergency medical assistance should be sought.