Kennedy’s disease is an inherited motor neuron disorder primarily affecting men, categorized within lower motor neuron disorders. These disorders involve disruptions in nerve signal transmission within the brain to nerve cells in the brain stem and spinal cord. Symptoms typically emerge between ages 20 and 40, although diagnosis has been made from the teenage years to the 70s.
Early signs include muscle cramps with exertion, hand tremors, and fleeting muscle twitches. Limb weakness, starting in the pelvic or shoulder regions, is common. Facial and tongue muscle weakness may lead to difficulties swallowing (dysphagia), recurrent pneumonia from aspiration, and speech problems (dysarthria).
Kennedy’s disease progresses gradually, allowing most individuals to maintain mobility until late stages, though some may require a wheelchair eventually. Lifespan tends to be normal for those with the disease.
