Filariasis is a disease caused by parasitic worms transmitted through the bites of blood-feeding arthropods, primarily black flies and mosquitoes. Although filariasis itself isn’t typically life-threatening, it can result in permanent damage to the lymphatic system. Notably, the infection may initially present no symptoms, leading to a lack of awareness among individuals.
Causes:
Various thread-like nematodes, including lymphatic filariasis, subcutaneous filariasis, and serous cavity filariasis, are responsible for causing filariasis. When an infected mosquito bites a healthy person, the larvae, known as microfilariae, migrate to the lymphatics and lymph nodes, where they mature into adult worms and can persist for many years.
Symptoms:
Filariasis may remain asymptomatic during its early stages. However, symptoms typically manifest after the death of adult worms. The most common symptom is the thickening of the skin and underlying tissues, often leading to conditions like elephantiasis. Affected areas can include the arms, vulva, breasts, and scrotum.
Diagnosis:
Filariasis is commonly diagnosed through several methods, including:
1. Direct visualization of microfilariae in blood or skin samples, preferably collected at night due to the nocturnal periodicity of microfilariae.
2. Immunodiagnostic tests to detect antibodies.
3. Circulating filarial antigen detection methods.
Early detection and treatment are crucial for managing filariasis and preventing its complications.