Emphysema, a lung condition, is characterized by the distortion or rupture of tiny air sacs, known as alveoli, within the lungs, typically due to various factors. Healthy lungs possess natural elasticity, enabling expansion and contraction as they filter inhaled impurities. However, when the alveoli are damaged or destroyed, this elasticity diminishes, impairing lung function. Emphysema progresses over time, leading to decreased oxygen absorption and carbon dioxide release, resulting in breathing difficulties and often a sensation of inadequate oxygen intake. It commonly coexists with chronic bronchitis as part of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), both stemming from lung and bronchial tube damage, usually irreversible. Smoking is the primary cause, responsible for up to 90% of cases, although exposure to secondhand smoke and environmental toxins also contribute. Genetic factors, particularly alpha 1-antitrypsin deficiency, can predispose individuals to emphysema, especially when coupled with smoking. COPD, including emphysema, is a leading cause of respiratory-related mortality, affecting primarily middle-aged and older men, though rising smoking rates among women have increased emphysema incidence in this demographic as well.