Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder, results from defects in insulin production or function, leading to elevated blood sugar levels. After consuming food, the pancreas releases insulin hormone to facilitate the movement of glucose from the bloodstream into cells. When cells fail to utilize insulin effectively or when the body cannot produce enough insulin, sugar accumulates in the blood. Excess sugar spills into the urine and is eliminated from the body.
Symptoms
Common symptoms of diabetes encompass:
- Excessive thirst
- Hunger
- Urination
- Fatigue
- Slow healing sores and cuts
- blurry Vision
Types of Diabetes
Type 1 Diabetes
Type 1 diabetes is classified as an autoimmune disorder wherein the body’s immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. Although the precise cause of type 1 diabetes is not fully elucidated, genetic and environmental factors are believed to play a role in triggering its onset. While this condition can manifest at any age, it is more frequently diagnosed in children and young adults. Management of type 1 diabetes typically requires daily insulin administration.
Type 2 Diabetes
Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, typically develops gradually with age. While the precise causes of this condition are not fully understood, the body’s cells become less effective in utilizing insulin. This resistance prevents the fat, liver, and muscle cells from efficiently absorbing and storing glucose, leading to its accumulation and impairing bodily functions. Type 2 diabetes is more prevalent among individuals who are overweight or lead sedentary lifestyles.
Gestational Diabetes
Gestational diabetes refers to increased blood sugar levels during pregnancy. Without timely diagnosis or treatment, it can lead to complications such as high birth weight and respiratory issues for the baby. Testing for gestational diabetes typically occurs between the 24th and 28th weeks of pregnancy for expectant mothers.