The Dengue Serology Test is crucial for identifying the virus responsible for dengue fever, employing immunofluorescence techniques with anti-dengue antibodies on infected cells or mosquito heads. The Plaque test quantifies the dengue virus concentration. Flow cytometry has emerged as another effective method, enabling dengue virus identification approximately 10 hours earlier than traditional immunofluorescence serology assessment.
Dengue Serology Tests include:
1. Mac ELISA: This early serological test captures anti-dengue antibodies in serum samples using antigens extracted from dengue virus protein. However, variability in results may occur due to potential reactions between antigens and circulating flaviviruses.
2. IgG ELISA: Similar to Mac ELISA, this method detects past dengue infections using the same antigens. While it partially addresses the issue of flavivirus reactions, only certain flaviviruses may yield false results. Additionally, IgG avidity ELISAs can determine the primary or secondary nature of a dengue infection.
3. IgM/IgG Ratio: This ratio aids in distinguishing primary dengue infections from secondary ones.
4. Plaque Reduction Neutralization Test and Microneutralization Procedure (PRNT): These methods evaluate the infected individual’s immune response to gauge their level of protection against dengue. Tests are conducted based on the understanding of virus-antibody interactions.
Microneutralization, similar to PRNT, assesses dengue immunity but follows a slightly different protocol.