Colorectal cancer is characterized by the uncontrolled growth of abnormal cells in the colon or rectum, or both. The colon and rectum together form the large intestine, also known as the large bowel.
This type of cancer typically develops from small growths called polyps, which form on the inner lining of the large intestine. The colon and rectum are responsible for processing the remnants of digested food from the small intestine and eliminating them as waste through the anus.
Causes Colorectal Cancer
Colorectal cancer does not have a single specific cause, but several factors can increase an individual’s risk of developing the disease. Some of these risk factors include:
– Age: Individuals aged 50 years or older are at higher risk.
– Polyps: Presence of polyps or small growths on the inner wall of the rectum and colon.
– Family history: Having a close relative (parent, sibling, or child) diagnosed with colorectal cancer before the age of 45.
– Diet: Consuming a diet high in red meat (e.g., beef, lamb, pork, goat).
– Inflammatory bowel disease.
– Smoking.
– Alcohol consumption.
– Obesity.
– Ethnic background: People of Ashkenazi Jewish descent.
– Other diseases: Colorectal cancer may be associated with inflammatory diseases of the colon, as well as cancers of the pancreas, ovaries, breast, or uterus.
– Diet: Although the exact relationship between diet and colorectal cancer risk is unclear, a diet rich in vegetables and fruits may lower the risk.
– Exposure to chemicals: Exposure to certain chemicals like chlorine and asbestos may increase the risk.
– Radiation: Prior exposure to radiation.