The brain is a soft, spongy mass of tissue protected by the skull bones, three layers of meninges, and cerebrospinal fluid. It plays a vital role in directing both voluntary actions like walking and talking, as well as involuntary functions like breathing. Additionally, the brain is responsible for our senses, memory, emotions, and personality.
Nerves form a network that facilitates communication between the brain and the rest of the body, with some nerves connecting directly to sensory organs like the eyes and ears, while others travel through the spinal cord to reach distant body parts.
Sometimes, the process of cell growth and renewal goes awry, resulting in the formation of abnormal tissue masses called tumors. Primary brain tumors can be benign or malignant. Benign tumors lack cancer cells and typically have well-defined borders, but they can still cause health issues by pressing on sensitive brain areas. Malignant tumors, or brain cancer, are more serious and can rapidly invade surrounding healthy tissue. They may also spread to other parts of the brain or spinal cord.
Within the brain and spinal cord, glial cells provide support and insulation for nerve cells.
The brain consists of three major parts:
1. Cerebrum: Responsible for processing sensory information, decision-making, speech, and emotions. It is divided into left and right hemispheres, each controlling the opposite side of the body.
2. Cerebellum: Controls balance, coordination, and complex motor functions.
3. Brainstem: Regulates basic life functions such as breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure.