An aneurysm refers to a balloon-like bulge in an artery, which carries oxygen-rich blood from the heart to the body. Typically, arteries possess sturdy walls capable of withstanding normal blood pressure. However, certain medical conditions, genetic factors, or trauma can weaken or damage these walls, leading to an aneurysm.
An aneurysm can enlarge over time and may rupture or cause a dissection. Rupture results in severe internal bleeding, while a dissection involves a split in one or more layers of the artery wall, leading to bleeding within and along these layers. Both scenarios are often life-threatening.
Most commonly, aneurysms occur in the aorta, the primary artery that transports blood from the heart throughout the body, spanning the chest and abdomen. A thoracic aortic aneurysm occurs in the chest portion of the aorta, while an abdominal aortic aneurysm affects the abdominal segment.
Although aneurysms can also develop in other arteries, they are less frequent. Approximately 14,000 Americans succumb to aortic aneurysms annually, with most deaths resulting from rupture or dissection.
Early detection and medical intervention can help prevent many cases of rupture and dissection. However, aneurysms may grow large without causing symptoms, underscoring the importance of early and regular screening for individuals at high risk of developing aneurysms.