Type 2 diabetes mellitus can lead to various eye complications, ranging from reversible, temporary blurring of vision to severe, permanent vision loss. Common eye problems associated with type 2 diabetes include:
- Diabetic retinopathy: This condition, a leading cause of blindness in adults worldwide, occurs when high blood sugar damages the blood vessels in the retina. It can lead to fluid leakage from retinal blood vessels and abnormal growth of new blood vessels on the retina’s surface, potentially causing retinal detachment in severe cases.
- Cataracts: While cataracts can affect anyone, individuals with diabetes tend to develop them at an earlier age.
- Glaucoma: While anyone can develop glaucoma, those with diabetes, especially those with a family history of the condition, have a higher risk.
Preventive measures and management strategies for diabetic eye complications include:
- Regular eye exams by a vision professional, at least annually or as advised by a doctor, to facilitate early detection and appropriate treatment.
- Prompt consultation with a doctor in case of any changes in vision, including blurred vision.
- Maintaining optimal blood sugar levels through regular medication adherence and monitoring, as well as following a healthy lifestyle encompassing balanced nutrition, regular exercise, weight management, and avoidance of smoking and alcohol.
- Regular screenings by an eye doctor to monitor eye health and detect any issues early.
By prioritizing these measures, individuals with type 2 diabetes can significantly reduce their risk of developing severe eye complications and preserve their vision.