In some cases, tethered spinal cord syndrome may not be diagnosed until adulthood, when sensory and motor problems arise, along with loss of bowel and bladder control. This delayed onset of symptoms is often due to the gradual strain placed on the spinal cord over time.
The syndrome is believed to result from improper growth of the neural tube during fetal development, and it is closely associated with spina bifida. Additionally, tethering can occur after spinal cord injury, where scar tissue impedes the flow of fluids around the spinal cord. This fluid pressure can lead to the formation of cysts within the spinal cord, a condition known as syringomyelia. Syringomyelia can further exacerbate symptoms, causing additional loss of movement, sensation, or the onset of pain or autonomic symptoms.