Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) manifests as symptoms or uncomfortable sensations in the legs, occurring when the individual is seated, lying down, or attempting to sleep. These sensations may be felt in the calves, thighs, feet, or arms and include:
- Aching or burning.
- Creepy-crawly feelings.
- Pulling.
- Itching or tingling.
- Cramping.
- Painful sensations.
- Electric sensations.
- Tension.
- Discomfort.
- Gnawing sensations.
Some individuals may struggle to articulate the symptoms of RLS. Those affected often experience a strong and sometimes irresistible urge to move or manipulate their legs.
Commonly observed patterns include:
- Onset during inactivity: Symptoms commence or intensify during prolonged periods of inactivity, such as when sitting, lying down for extended periods, or attempting to sleep.
- Relief through movement: Symptoms alleviate partially or temporarily with physical activity, such as walking or stretching, and typically persist only while in motion. This compelling urge to move gives rise to the name “restless legs syndrome.”
- Evening exacerbation: Symptoms typically worsen in the evening and at night compared to the morning.
- Nocturnal leg twitching: Some individuals with RLS may also experience periodic limb movements of sleep (PLMS), characterized by involuntary leg flexing and extending during sleep, often unaware of these twitching or kicking movements. In severe cases, these involuntary movements may occur even when awake.
The severity of RLS symptoms can range from mild to intolerable and tends to worsen with age. Periods of remission, where symptoms improve or cease for days, weeks, or months, may occur, but in most cases, symptoms eventually reappear. RLS is generally considered a lifelong condition, and currently, there is no permanent cure available.