The term “lung disease” encompasses a range of conditions affecting the lungs and related structures such as airways, alveoli, or blood vessels. While the signs and symptoms of each lung disease vary, there are common indicators shared among them:
- Persistent or chronic cough with or without sputum production: Chronic cough and excessive mucus production are often early signs of many lung diseases, according to the American Lung Association.
- Haemoptysis (coughing up blood): This is a serious symptom indicating potentially grave conditions like lung cancer or tuberculosis. Blood in sputum may originate from the lungs or upper respiratory tract, as noted by the National Women’s Health Information Center.
- Difficulty breathing (dyspnoea): Shortness of breath and the sensation of insufficient air intake signal possible lung damage or disease, according to experts.
- Abnormal breathing sounds: Wheezing or other abnormal sounds during breathing can suggest air passage obstruction or narrowing, according to experts.
- Recurrent colds and bronchial infections: Frequent colds and slow recovery from respiratory illnesses may indicate an underlying lung disease.
- Pallor or cyanosis: Paleness of the skin or bluish discoloration of lips and skin can be signs of decreased oxygen levels in the blood.
- Fluid in the lungs (pulmonary edema): This can cause difficulty breathing and produce characteristic sounds like bubbling in the lungs (rales) when heard through a stethoscope.
Additional accompanying symptoms of lung disease may include lethargy, chest pain or discomfort, changes in voice, and dizziness.
If you experience symptoms suggestive of lung disease, it’s important to consult a doctor. Early and appropriate treatment may help prevent the progression of the condition.