Hypoparathyroidism is a rare condition characterized by insufficient production of parathyroid hormone (PTH) by the parathyroid glands in the neck. These glands, each about the size of a rice grain, play a crucial role in regulating calcium levels in the body, as well as phosphorous levels and the production of active vitamin D. The condition can result from gland injury, present at birth, or associated with autoimmune diseases.
Symptoms of Hypoparathyroidism:
- Tingling or burning sensation in fingertips, toes, and lips
- Muscle aches or cramps affecting various parts of the body
- Tetany, causing painful spasms in muscles of the face, hands, arms, throat, and feet
- Fatigue or weakness leading to decreased activity
- Painful menstruation in women with hypoparathyroidism
- Patchy hair loss, particularly thinning of eyebrows
- Dry, coarse skin
- Brittle nails
- Anxiety and nervousness
- Headaches
- Mental symptoms including depression, mood swings, and memory problems
Diagnostic tests for hypoparathyroidism include urine tests, electrocardiograms, X-rays, and bone density tests to assess calcium levels in the body.
Upon experiencing these symptoms, seeking medical attention is crucial. Complications such as seizures or breathing difficulties may arise if left untreated. Treatment typically involves calcium carbonate and vitamin D supplements, as these are the only approved therapies for hypoparathyroidism. Early diagnosis and management are essential for improving symptoms and preventing complications associated with the condition.