Cyclic Vomiting Syndrome (CVS) is characterized by recurrent episodes of intense nausea and vomiting, lasting for hours or days, interspersed with symptom-free intervals. These episodes typically recur at the same time of day, with similar duration, symptoms, and intensity. While more prevalent in children aged 3 to 7, CVS can affect individuals of any age.
During severe episodes, individuals may be confined to bed for days, posing challenges not only for sufferers but also for their families.
Signs and Symptoms:
To be diagnosed with CVS, an individual must exhibit the following symptoms persistently for at least 3 months, with initial onset occurring at least 6 months prior:
- Episodes of severe vomiting, occurring multiple times per hour and lasting less than a week.
- Three or more distinct vomiting episodes within the past year.
- Absence of nausea or vomiting between episodes.
Additional symptoms during CVS episodes may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, fever, dizziness, and light sensitivity. Prolonged vomiting can lead to severe dehydration, potentially life-threatening. Dehydration symptoms encompass thirst, reduced urination, pallor, fatigue, and lethargy. Seeking immediate medical attention is crucial for anyone displaying signs of dehydration.
Treatment Options:
CVS management varies, with patients often experiencing improvement through symptom control strategies. Recommendations typically include adequate rest, sleep, and medications for preventing, halting, or alleviating vomiting episodes and associated symptoms. Hydration is vital during recovery, with replenishment of lost fluids and electrolytes essential. In severe cases, hospitalization and intravenous fluids may be necessary to prevent dehydration caused by persistent nausea and vomiting.