Youth with bipolar disorder undergo intense emotional shifts known as “mood episodes,” with distinct manic and depressive states, and sometimes mixed episodes combining symptoms of both.
Symptoms of mania include:
- Unusually intense joy or excitement, different from typical behavior.
- Irritable mood, marked by extreme short temper.
- Decreased need for sleep despite feeling rested.
- Rapid speech and racing thoughts.
- Difficulty concentrating, with attention shifting rapidly.
- Increased focus on sexual thoughts and behaviors.
- Engaging in risky activities excessively.
Symptoms of depression include:
- Prolonged sadness or low mood.
- Loss of interest in previously enjoyed activities.
- Feelings of worthlessness or guilt.
- Increased complaints of physical pain.
- Significant changes in appetite and weight.
- Disturbed sleep patterns.
- Fatigue and decreased energy.
- Thoughts of death or suicide.
While it’s common for children and teens to experience occasional mood changes, symptoms of bipolar disorder are more severe, lasting most of the day nearly every day for at least one week. These symptoms significantly differ from a child’s typical mood and behavior.
Bipolar disorder can manifest across a range of mood states, including severe depression, moderate depression, mild low mood (dysthymia), balanced mood, and hypomania. Hypomania involves increased energy and activity levels but is less severe than full-blown mania and does not impair functioning.