The primary symptom of anemia is fatigue, often accompanied by a feeling of weakness, making it challenging to engage in regular activities. Other common signs and symptoms include shortness of breath, dizziness, headaches, coldness in the hands and feet, and pale skin. These manifestations occur because the heart must exert more effort to circulate oxygen-rich blood throughout the body.
Mild to moderate cases of anemia may present with very subtle symptoms or none at all.
Anemia can lead to complications such as arrhythmias, which are abnormalities in the heart’s rate or rhythm. Over time, arrhythmias can result in heart damage and potentially lead to heart failure. Additionally, inadequate oxygen delivery due to anemia can damage various organs in the body.
Individuals with cancer or HIV/AIDS may experience worsened symptoms due to anemia, potentially impacting the effectiveness of their treatments.
Furthermore, anemia can contribute to a range of other medical issues. Those with kidney disease and anemia are at higher risk of developing heart problems. Certain types of anemia may be associated with imbalances in fluid intake or loss, with severe fluid loss posing life-threatening risks.