The risk of diabetes among teenagers closely parallels that of young adults. While the factors contributing to type 1 diabetes are relatively few, ongoing research continues to unveil new potential influences. Regarding type 2 diabetes, understanding remains incomplete regarding why some adolescents develop the condition while others do not. Below is a condensed overview of the risk factors associated with both types of diabetes in teenagers.
Risk Factors for Type 1 Diabetes:
- Family History: Individuals with a parent or sibling with type 1 diabetes face a slightly elevated risk.
- Genetic Predisposition: Certain genes can increase susceptibility to type 1 diabetes, with genetic testing sometimes employed to assess familial history.
- Viral Exposure: Infections from viruses like Epstein-Barr, rubella, cytomegalovirus, and coxsackie may lead to the destruction of islet cells or direct infection.
- Dietary Influences: Consumption of water containing nitrates and the timing of cereal introduction during infancy may impact the risk of type 1 diabetes.
- Vitamin D Levels: Research suggests a potential protective role of vitamin D against type 1 diabetes, while early cow’s milk consumption may heighten risk.
Risk Factors for Type 2 Diabetes:
- Weight: Excess weight is a primary risk factor for type 2 diabetes in teenagers, as higher levels of fatty tissue can induce insulin resistance.
- Physical Inactivity: Sedentary behavior increases the risk of type 2 diabetes, while regular physical activity can aid in weight management and improve insulin sensitivity.
- Ethnicity: Certain racial groups, such as Asians, Native Americans, Hispanics, African Americans, and Pacific Islanders, demonstrate a heightened propensity for type 2 diabetes, although the exact reasons remain unclear.