While gestational diabetes can affect any woman during pregnancy, certain factors can heighten the risk of its development. Here are some risk factors associated with gestational diabetes:
- Age: Women aged 25 or older face a higher risk of gestational diabetes during pregnancy.
- Past History: A previous history of gestational diabetes increases the likelihood of developing it in subsequent pregnancies. Additionally, giving birth to a baby weighing more than 9 lb (4 kg) raises the risk.
- Family History: Having a family history of diabetes, particularly a parent or sibling with type 2 diabetes, increases the risk of gestational diabetes.
- Lifestyle and Weight: Sedentary lifestyle habits before pregnancy and obesity (with a body mass index [BMI] of 30 or higher) elevate the risk of gestational diabetes.
- Race: Women from certain racial or ethnic groups, including Latin Americans, Native Americans, Asian Americans, African Americans, or Pacific Islanders, are at a higher risk of gestational diabetes.
- Medical History: Conditions such as polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), presence of a dark skin rash called acanthosis nigricans on the back of the neck or in body folds, use of certain medications like corticosteroids, history of pre-diabetes, or complications during a previous pregnancy increase the risk of gestational diabetes.
It’s important to note that while these risk factors increase the likelihood of gestational diabetes, they do not guarantee its development. Consulting a doctor for advice on preventive measures is advisable.