Langerhans cell histiocytosis is a disorder primarily affecting children, characterized by an abnormal increase in certain immune cells called histiocytes. This overgrowth of immune cells can lead to the formation of tumors that affect various parts of the body. While the exact cause is not fully understood, it is believed to have genetic origins. Importantly, Langerhans cell histiocytosis is not contagious.
Symptoms
Symptoms of Langerhans cell histiocytosis can affect one or multiple parts of the body simultaneously. These symptoms include a general rash, dandruff-like skin lesions, bone pain, liver dysfunction, tooth loss, swollen gums, chronic ear infections, vision problems, headaches, dizziness, vomiting, excessive thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, irritability, and swollen lymph nodes.
Treatment
Treatment for Langerhans cell histiocytosis is tailored to the stage of the disease, the appearance of cells under a microscope, the child’s overall health, and age. Typically, steroids are used to suppress immune function. Additional treatments such as chemotherapy, low-dose radiation therapy, or surgery may be necessary in some cases.
Prognosis
Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is categorized into two types: single-system LCH and multisystem LCH. Patients with single-system LCH often achieve complete recovery, whereas those with multisystem involvement may not respond well to chemotherapy and other treatments. In severe or resistant cases, the condition can be fatal. Additionally, individuals with LCH have an elevated risk of developing cancer later in life, such as lymphoma and leukemia.