The frequency of miscarriages is on the rise, prompting the need to comprehend the underlying causes contributing to this trend. Miscarriages can be attributed to various factors, including issues with the baby, the mother, and the father, as well as environmental factors, diseases or infections, lifestyle choices, and age-related concerns. Understanding the prominent causes of miscarriage is crucial in addressing this escalating issue.
Genetics
Humans typically possess 46 chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs, with one part of each pair inherited from the mother and the other from the father. Each pair carries numerous genes, and any irregularities during cell division during conception can lead to miscarriage. “Inherited chromosomal rearrangements” are among the factors that can cause defects, originating from either parent and potentially resulting in early miscarriage. Another genetic factor contributing to miscarriage is “gene mutation,” which can arise spontaneously or be inherited.In some cases, females may have natural killer (NK) cells that recognize the genetic material of the father as foreign, potentially leading to rejection of the embryo. NK cells typically protect the body from pathogens and foreign substances but may inadvertently impact reproduction, causing difficulties in conception or miscarriage.If there is a history of reproductive issues within either family, such as difficulty conceiving or frequent miscarriages, it may indicate a genetic predisposition to such problems.
The incorrect implantation of the egg into the uterine lining can also contribute to miscarriage
Ectopic pregnancy, where the fertilized egg implants outside the uterus, poses a risk of pregnancy loss.
Stress
The primary cause of miscarriages is widely believed to be stress. Therefore, if a woman experiences high levels of stress and pressure, it can increase the risk of miscarriage.
Illness or Injury
- If the mother’s health is compromised, whether due to illness, severe morning sickness, or dehydration, it can pose a risk to the pregnancy.
- Serious injuries, accidents, or blows to the stomach can endanger the baby’s survival.
- Uterine malformations are another potential cause of miscarriage.
- Issues related to the blood type (Rh+, Rh-) of the parents, leading to antibody formation, can also increase the likelihood of miscarriage.
- Additionally, various diseases and infections such as endometriosis, hypothyroidism, diabetes, kidney and congenital heart conditions, blood clotting disorders, syphilis, and gonorrhea can contribute to miscarriages.
Hormonal Factors
Hormonal issues related to the menstrual cycle can pose challenges for women trying to conceive.
Early pregnancies
The presence of fibroids left in the mother’s uterus after a cesarean section can potentially complicate subsequent pregnancies.
Lifestyle Factors
Engaging in excessive exercise and frequent use of spas and saunas can potentially harm pregnancy. Similarly, regular intake of pain relievers like aspirin and ibuprofen may contribute to complications, including miscarriage. Poor dietary habits can also have adverse effects on pregnancy outcomes.Avoiding alcohol and tobacco is crucial to reducing the risk of miscarriage. Additionally, excessive caffeine consumption can increase the likelihood of miscarriage. Maintaining a healthy weight before and during pregnancy is important, as being either overweight or underweight can pose challenges.
Environmental factors, such as pollution and exposure to harmful chemicals, can lead to abnormalities and affect both female and male fertility.Most miscarriages occur within the first three months of pregnancy. It’s essential to be well-informed about all factors that can impact pregnancy and take appropriate precautions.