Appendicitis refers to the inflammation of the appendix, a small finger-shaped extension of the colon typically located in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. The inflammation can be acute or chronic and commonly occurs between the ages of 10 and 30, with a higher incidence in men than in women. According to Harrison’s Principles of Internal Medicine, appendicitis is the most prevalent medical condition in the United States.
Causes of Appendicitis:
Appendicitis is believed to result from an obstruction in the appendix, which can be partial or complete. This obstruction may stem from enlarged lymphoid follicles, parasites, trauma, or tumors. When an obstruction occurs, bacteria can multiply within the appendix, leading to the formation of pus and increased pressure, which may cause pain or compress local blood vessels. Reduced blood flow can result in gangrene. If the appendix ruptures, fecal matter may spread into the abdomen, potentially causing peritonitis, an inflammation of the abdominal wall tissues. Other nearby organs, such as the cecum, bladder, and sigmoid colon, can also become inflamed following a rupture.
Symptoms of Appendicitis:
Symptoms of appendicitis include:
- Lower right side abdominal pain
- Loss of appetite
- Nausea
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Constipation
- Inability to pass gas
- Abdominal swelling
- Fever
The pain may initially present as mild cramping but can intensify over time. Appendicitis can also affect urination.