Androgenetic alopecia, commonly known as male or female pattern baldness, is primarily caused by a combination of genetic and hormonal factors. Here’s a breakdown:
Genetic Factors: Androgenetic alopecia tends to run in families, suggesting a strong genetic component. Specific genes inherited from either or both parents play a role in predisposing individuals to this condition. These genes influence the sensitivity of hair follicles to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), a hormone derived from testosterone.
Hormonal Factors: DHT, a potent form of testosterone, is a key hormone involved in the development of androgenetic alopecia. In individuals genetically predisposed to the condition, DHT binds to receptors in the scalp’s hair follicles, leading to their shrinkage and eventual cessation of hair growth. This process is known as miniaturization.
Other Factors: While genetic and hormonal factors play primary roles in androgenetic alopecia, environmental factors may also contribute, though to a lesser extent. Factors such as stress, poor nutrition, and certain medications may exacerbate hair loss in susceptible individuals, but they are not considered direct causes of the condition.
In contrast, the exact cause of atopic dermatitis, also known as eczema, remains unclear, but it is believed to arise from a combination of genetic predisposition and environmental triggers. Here’s an overview:
Genetic Factors: Atopic dermatitis often runs in families, indicating a genetic predisposition to the condition. Individuals with a family history of atopic diseases like eczema, asthma, or hay fever are more likely to develop atopic dermatitis themselves. The likelihood of developing the condition increases if both parents have an atopic disease.
Immune System Dysfunction: Atopic dermatitis is associated with abnormalities in the body’s immune response. People with the condition often exhibit low levels of certain immune proteins essential for a healthy immune system and high levels of others that promote allergic reactions. This immune dysregulation can lead to chronic inflammation in the skin, even in the absence of infection, resembling a form of autoimmunity.
Environmental Triggers: While genetics predispose individuals to atopic dermatitis, environmental factors can trigger or exacerbate symptoms. Factors such as irritants, allergens, climate, and stress may provoke flare-ups in susceptible individuals.
Emotional Factors: Although emotional stressors like anxiety or depression can exacerbate symptoms of atopic dermatitis, they are not considered direct causes of the condition. However, stress management techniques may help improve overall management of the condition.