Reports indicate that a significant percentage, up to 70%, of women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) go undiagnosed. This underscores the importance of early detection and diagnosis in managing this condition effectively. Let’s explore the causes behind this trend and strategies for improving early diagnosis with insights from an expert.

As women progress through different reproductive stages, fluctuations in hormones become a natural aspect of their physiological changes. Hormones play essential roles in regulating various bodily functions, such as metabolism, blood sugar levels, growth, and stress responses. These hormones are chemical messengers produced by glands in the endocrine system.
Reproductive hormones, crucial for fertility, pregnancy, and the menstrual cycle, are primarily synthesized in the ovaries of females and the testes of males. Among these hormones, estrogen and progesterone are pivotal in female reproductive health. However, when the ovaries produce an abnormal quantity of androgens, male sex hormones, in women, it leads to a condition known as Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS).
Although Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) affects an estimated 8–13% of women of reproductive age, the World Health Organization (WHO) reports that up to 70% of affected women worldwide remain undiagnosed. To shed light on this issue, we consulted Dr. Balaji Nalwad, Head of Department and Consultant in Obstetrics and Gynecology at Manipal Hospital, Baner, Pune.
Why PCOS is not diagnosed
Why PCOS is not diagnosed
Dr. Nalwad highlights that PCOS and Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) are prevalent hormonal disorders among women of reproductive age, but they often go undetected and are misunderstood. He identifies a lack of information and education as the primary reason for delayed diagnosis.
According to him, many women are unaware of the condition and may not recognize the signs and symptoms that warrant medical attention. Additionally, some women may feel hesitant or reluctant to seek medical advice, while others may disregard their symptoms altogether. Moreover, healthcare providers may also contribute to delayed diagnosis due to the absence of a single definitive diagnostic test for PCOS. As PCOS is a diagnosis of exclusion, healthcare professionals may encounter challenges in accurately identifying the condition.
Watch out for signs of PCOS
PCOS, a common condition in women of reproductive age, can manifest differently from person to person. While some may experience noticeable symptoms such as irregular periods, acne, excessive hair growth, and weight gain, others may have less obvious signs. According to Dr. Nalwad, individuals may seek medical attention for various symptoms related to PCOS, including acne, abnormal hair growth, darkening of the skin, irregular menstrual cycles, infertility, and weight gain. It’s essential to be aware of these potential indicators and consult a healthcare professional for proper diagnosis and management.
Strategies for early detection of PCOS
PCOS is diagnosed based on the presence of certain criteria, including:
1. Excessive Androgen Production: Symptoms such as unwanted facial and body hair, acne, changes in body shape, and reduced breast size may indicate elevated androgen levels.
2. Irregular or Absent Menstrual Periods: Women with PCOS often experience irregular menstrual cycles or may have fewer than eight menstrual cycles per year.
3. Ultrasound Findings: Transvaginal ultrasound scans may reveal the presence of polycystic ovaries, characterized by the presence of multiple small follicles.
Additionally, blood tests are essential for evaluating hormonal imbalances associated with PCOS. These tests measure levels of hormones such as Luteinizing Hormone (LH), Follicle Stimulating Hormone (FSH), testosterone, estrogen, and insulin. Abnormal levels of these hormones can provide valuable insights into the endocrine system and aid in the diagnosis of PCOS and related conditions, including infertility.
Conclusion
PCOS can present with a wide range of symptoms, some of which may be subtle or easily overlooked. This contributes to the condition often remaining undiagnosed in many women. However, early detection is crucial due to PCOS’s association with infertility and long-term health risks, including diabetes, cardiovascular problems, and mental health issues. Therefore, it’s important not to dismiss irregular menstrual patterns, excessive facial hair growth, or difficulties with conception, as these could be signs of underlying PCOS. Seeking medical attention and proper evaluation is essential for timely diagnosis and management.