Early diagnosis and treatment of diabetes are crucial for preventing or delaying complications associated with the condition. Proper management of high blood sugar levels can significantly reduce the risk of complications such as heart disease, stroke, and kidney disease, ultimately prolonging life. Therefore, maintaining normal blood sugar levels is of utmost importance.
When considering medication therapy for diabetes, several factors should be taken into account:
- The effectiveness of each medication in controlling blood sugar levels.
- Other existing medical conditions such as high blood pressure or high cholesterol.
- Potential adverse effects of the therapy.
- Any contraindications to the therapy.
- Factors that may affect compliance, such as timing and frequency of dosing.
- Cost implications for both the patient and the healthcare system.
While medications play a crucial role in managing blood sugar levels, lifestyle changes are also essential. These include:
- Maintaining a healthy body weight within the recommended range (body mass index of 18.5 – 24.9). If overweight or obese, striving to lose weight is beneficial.
- Following a healthy and balanced diet that includes a variety of foods from each major food group. Limiting intake of sweets, salt, and alcoholic beverages is advisable.
- Being mindful of portion sizes to avoid excessive calorie intake, as surplus calories can elevate blood sugar levels.
- Engaging in regular exercise, with moderate physical activity for 30-40 minutes on five days a week being sufficient.
If lifestyle modifications alone are insufficient to maintain blood sugar levels within the normal range, medications may be prescribed by your doctor. However, it’s essential to continue adhering to lifestyle changes as they can improve blood sugar control and potentially reduce the need for medication dosage. Regular blood sugar testing and ongoing follow-up with your doctor are necessary if you have diabetes to monitor your condition effectively and adjust treatment as needed.