Thrombocytopenia occurs when there is a low platelet count in the blood. Platelets are crucial for blood clotting to prevent excessive bleeding. While thrombocytopenia is generally not dangerous for most individuals, severe cases can lead to excessive bleeding following injuries. A healthy individual typically has a platelet count ranging from 150,000 to 400,000, but with thrombocytopenia, this count falls below 150,000.
The term “thrombocytopenia” can be broken down as follows: “thrombocytes” refer to platelets, and “penia” denotes a deficiency. When combined, they form the word thrombocytopenia.
Thrombocytopenia can occur when the body doesn’t produce enough platelets, when platelets become trapped in the spleen, or when they are destroyed. While it can have a hereditary component, it can also result from various medical conditions or certain medications.
In many cases, thrombocytopenia does not present noticeable symptoms, particularly if it is mild. It may be incidentally detected through routine blood tests performed for other purposes. Severe thrombocytopenia, with platelet counts dropping below 20 per microliter, can lead to increased bruising or bleeding after injury, as well as heavier menstrual bleeding.
If thrombocytopenia is identified during routine blood work, it is typically investigated further by the physician who ordered the test. Follow-up care for individuals with known thrombocytopenia depends on the diagnosis and the severity of the condition.