Are you aware of which types of cancer are more common in men? Take a look at these five frequently occurring cancers in males.
The incidence of cancer is increasing in India, with 2.25 million individuals currently affected. The likelihood of developing cancer before the age of 75 is 9.81%, while the mortality rate stands at 7.34%. Nonetheless, early prevention, detection, and treatment can help lower mortality rates. Certain types of cancer are more prevalent in specific genders. Onlymyhealth interviewed Dr. Rajan Verma, Medical Director of Lab Operations at Oncquest Laboratories Ltd., to shed light on the common cancers in men. If you’re interested in raising awareness, it’s crucial to learn about these prevalent cancers among men.
Lung Cancer
While smoking remains the primary cause of lung cancer, anyone can be susceptible to it regardless of their smoking habits. Lung cancer is among the most severe forms of cancer and can be triggered by factors such as environmental pollution, tobacco use, and exposure to carcinogens. Individuals over the age of 60, particularly those with a history of COPD, are at higher risk of developing lung cancer.
Symptoms
During the early stages, symptoms of lung cancer may not be readily apparent, but some of the most notable ones include:
- Persistent cough (including coughing up blood)
- Shortness of breath
- Hoarseness
- Chest pain
- Noisy breathing
- Changes in sputum
Preventive measures include quitting smoking and avoiding exposure to secondhand smoke.
Prostate Cancer
While prostate cancer is less common in India, there has been a recent increase in reported cases. This type of cancer affects the prostate gland and typically progresses slowly over the years. Symptoms may manifest as it gradually interferes with the urinary system and its functionality. The risk factors for developing prostate cancer include family history, age, dietary patterns, and sometimes race.
Symptoms
Regrettably, prostate cancer often does not exhibit visible symptoms until it reaches an advanced stage. However, there are indicators to watch for, including:
- Urinary leakage
- Bone pain
- Blood in the urine
- Pain during urination
Preventive measures primarily focus on maintaining a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet and avoiding smoking.
Colorectal Cancer
Typically striking men aged 50 and above, colorectal cancer arises from an abnormal growth of cells in the inner linings of the rectum and colon. The likelihood of developing this cancer is elevated in individuals who smoke, have inflammatory bowel disease, or are obese. Additional risk factors include a family history of colorectal cancer or polyps, sedentary lifestyle, a diet lacking in fiber, and excessive consumption of red meat. Fortunately, colorectal cancer is preventable and highly treatable if detected early.
Symptoms
In the early stages, colorectal cancer often presents no visible symptoms. However, as it progresses, individuals may experience:
- Rectal bleeding
- Abdominal pain
- Changes in bowel habits
- Unexplained weight loss and weakness
Preventive measures for colorectal cancer include regular screening for men over 50 years of age, maintaining a balanced and healthy diet, regular exercise, weight management, abstaining from smoking, and limiting alcohol consumption.
Testicular Cancer
While testicular cancer can occur at any age, it’s typically observed in the 15-44 age group. Although rare, this form of cancer is highly treatable. Men with a family history of testicular cancer, undescended testes (cryptorchidism), or abnormal testicular cells known as germ cell neoplasia in situ (GCNIS) are at higher risk. GCNIS is often associated with infertility cases.
Symptoms
- A painless lump in the testicle
- Swelling of the testicle
- Sensation of heaviness in the scrotum
- Pain or discomfort in the scrotum, groin, or testicle
- Softness or tenderness in the male breast tissue
Penile Cancer
Penile cancer is a rare form of cancer that typically originates from the outer layers of the skin and progresses inward. It begins in the skin cells of the penis, characterized by rapid cellular growth. Fortunately, when detected early, it can be effectively treated. There are four main types of penile cancer:
- Epidermoid carcinoma: This type accounts for 95% of cases and commonly originates in the foreskin but can also occur elsewhere on the penis.
- Sarcoma: Arising in tissues such as muscles, fat, and blood vessels.
- Melanoma: Originating in the skin cells responsible for pigmentation.
- Basal Cell Carcinoma: Beginning in the deeper layers of the skin, this cancer grows slowly and is less likely to spread to other parts of the body.
Symptoms
Symptoms such as changes in skin color, rash or lump on the penis, bluish-brown growth, foul-smelling discharge under the foreskin, swelling, or bleeding sore on the penis may warrant medical attention, although they don’t necessarily indicate the presence of cancer. It’s advisable to seek a check-up at this stage.
Preventive measures for penile cancer include circumcision, avoiding tobacco use, and regularly cleaning the foreskin to reduce the risk of developing this cancer.
Cancer is challenging to bear and treat. Living a healthy lifestyle can help mitigate the risks associated with cancer. Being vigilant about your health enables early detection and treatment of cancer, increasing the chances of successful outcomes.