Women play vital roles as the cornerstone of both family and society, yet they continue to face widespread health challenges. Continue reading to learn more.
In the evolving landscape of healthcare, it is crucial to remain vigilant against prevalent illnesses in order to lead a healthy life. However, when considering these common illnesses, it becomes evident that women face a myriad of health challenges compared to men. Despite being essential pillars of family and society, women nationwide continue to grapple with poor health issues. This can be attributed to lifestyle choices and the various phases they experience throughout their lives, which often resemble a roller coaster ride. Consequently, women’s health conditions have significantly escalated.
While India’s healthcare sector has made considerable strides in recent years, the question remains: have we adequately addressed women’s health issues? There are still numerous prevalent diseases that women must be mindful of, ranging from cardiovascular issues to hormonal imbalances. It is imperative to discuss the concerns that warrant attention and the preventive measures that women can embrace in 2024 to foster healthier lifestyles.
1. Cardiovascular diseases
Once considered primarily affecting men, cardiovascular diseases are increasingly emerging as a significant health concern for women. Recent studies reveal that Indian women face a 25% higher risk of heart disease compared to men. Symptoms of these conditions may include breathlessness, sharp chest pain, discomfort, limb numbness, and upper abdominal or chest pain.
Ms. Kanchan Naikawadi, Managing Director and Preventive Healthcare Specialist at Indus Health Plus, emphasizes that heart issues can stem from various risk factors, including high blood pressure or cholesterol, obesity, smoking, poor dietary habits, lack of physical activity, and a family history of cardiovascular ailments. To prioritize heart health, it is essential to incorporate regular exercise, maintain a balanced diet rich in walnuts and oats, cease smoking, monitor cholesterol levels with lipid tests, and consume a diet abundant in fruits to mitigate risks.
2. Cervical Cancer
“Cervical cancer remains a significant concern,” stated Ms. Naikawadi, citing data from the Indian Council of Medical Research’s National Cancer Registry Programme (ICMR-NCRP), which estimated over 3.4 lakh cases of cervical cancer in the country in 2023. The primary cause of cervical cancer is the human papillomavirus (HPV), a sexually transmitted infection. It is the leading cancer among Indian women and the second most common cancer worldwide.
Ms. Naikawadi emphasizes the importance of vaccination between the ages of 9-14 to prevent HPV infection and related cancers. Screening from the age of 30 aids in the early detection and treatment of cervical disease, thereby preventing cervical cancer. Early detection coupled with quality treatment offers a cure for cervical cancer at any age, with symptoms resolving in most cases.
3. Diabetes
The prevalence of diabetes is increasing among Indian women, largely due to sedentary lifestyles and dietary habits. Factors such as unhealthy eating habits, lack of regular exercise, high blood pressure, stress, obesity, excessive sugar consumption, and family history contribute to the onset of diabetes. Preventive measures entail maintaining a healthy weight, adopting a balanced diet abundant in fiber, and participating in regular physical activity. Regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is essential for early detection and effective management of diabetes.
4. Breast Cancer
Breast cancer constitutes 25-32% of female cancers in India. It is recommended that women undergo mammography examinations every two to three years during their adult years to detect breast cancer. Additionally, doctors may suggest procedures such as breast MRI, biopsy, and ultrasound for further evaluation. Women can also perform self-examinations every 3-5 days following their menstrual cycle to monitor for any lumps or swelling, aiding in the early detection of potential illness symptoms.
5. Anaemia
As per the National Family Health Survey (NFHS-5), anaemia affects 57% of women in India. This condition is prevalent among approximately 60% of adolescent females and 50% of pregnant women. Early signs of anaemia, such as fatigue and headaches, can escalate the risk of infections, heart problems, and lung issues. Anaemia is typically detected through a Complete Blood Count (CBC) test conducted every few years. It results from a deficiency of healthy red blood cells or haemoglobin, or due to a lack of Vitamin B12. Preventative measures include consuming iron and vitamin C-rich foods such as beans, leafy greens, fruits, and dry fruits.
6. Depression and anxiety
The fast-paced nature of modern life often adversely affects women’s mental health, resulting in prevalent issues like anxiety and depression. To address this, it is crucial to prioritize mental well-being through mindfulness practices, seeking support when needed, and promoting open dialogue about mental health. Incorporating antioxidant-rich foods such as berries, nuts, seeds, and fish into the diet can help protect brain cells. Additionally, it’s important to seek professional counseling or therapy when necessary to effectively manage mental health concerns.
7. Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS)
PCOS (Polycystic Ovary Syndrome) affects a significant proportion of Indian women, leading to hormonal imbalances that can disrupt the reproductive system. Common symptoms include irregular periods, hirsutism (excessive hair growth), and weight gain. It is the most prevalent female endocrine disorder and a leading cause of infertility globally, with prevalence rates ranging from 6-26% worldwide and 3.7-22.5% in India. Risk factors for PCOS include genetics, sedentary lifestyle, diet, and obesity.
PCOS is a chronic condition without a cure. However, certain symptoms can be managed through lifestyle modifications, medications, and fertility treatments.