Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a prevalent hormonal disorder affecting women of reproductive age, impacting ovarian function. The condition, affecting millions globally, is characterized by at least two of the following: ovarian cysts, irregular ovulation, and elevated androgen levels.
Typical symptoms encompass irregular or absent periods, fertility challenges, hirsutism, weight fluctuations, and skin issues. While its precise cause remains unclear, genetics and hormonal imbalances, including insulin resistance, are implicated.
Treatment focuses on symptom management and prevention of complications, tailored to individual needs and fertility intentions. Lifestyle adjustments, including regular exercise and a balanced diet, are crucial, particularly for weight management to regulate menstrual cycles and improve metabolic health.
In managing menstrual irregularities and reducing androgen levels, birth control pills are often prescribed. Additionally, progesterone may regulate cycles and lower endometrial cancer risk. Metformin, a diabetes medication, aids in ovulation induction and menstrual regularization.
For fertility enhancement, medications like clomiphene citrate or gonadotropins may be employed. Androgen-blocking medications such as spironolactone or topical eflornithine can mitigate excessive hair growth, though caution is advised regarding their use during pregnancy.
Surgical interventions like laparoscopic ovarian drilling may be considered if medications prove ineffective in achieving pregnancy. Individualized treatment plans, considering symptom severity and fertility goals, are essential in managing PCOS effectively.