Typically, when someone experiences certain symptoms, they visit a doctor who may diagnose a pituitary tumor. To confirm this, the doctor will initially assess the symptoms, medical history, and current medications. This step is crucial because certain medical conditions or prescribed drugs can significantly affect hormone levels, posing potential risks. For example, psychiatric medications known as neuroleptics can elevate prolactin levels, while prescription glucocorticoids and therapeutic injections like dexamethasone (e.g., Decadron), used for joint pain treatment, can lead to high glucocorticoid levels.
The doctor will observe signs and symptoms indicative of potential overproduction of specific pituitary hormones. For instance, they may look for breast milk production resulting from a prolactin-producing tumor, or physical manifestations like a moon-shaped face and abdominal marks associated with an ACTH-producing tumor.
Following a thorough evaluation, the doctor will conduct tests to confirm the presence of a pituitary tumor. Typically, the initial test involves a blood test to assess hormone levels. Further, detailed images of the pituitary gland are obtained through an MRI scan, often involving the injection of a dye called gadolinium to enhance brain structure visualization.
If visual symptoms are present or the MRI reveals a sizable pituitary tumor, the doctor may refer the individual to an eye specialist or ophthalmologist. This referral aims to conduct a comprehensive eye examination, including specialized tests to detect any visual impairment, particularly within specific visual fields.
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