On average, it takes about one day for an individual to adjust to each time zone crossed, as the body naturally adapts to the new environment. However, melatonin supplements are believed to help alleviate the symptoms of jet lag by aiding in this adjustment process. Melatonin, available over the counter, can be taken approximately half an hour before bedtime on the day of travel and continued for up to four days after arrival, with a recommended one-time dose of about three milligrams. The actual dosage may vary depending on individual conditions, ranging from half a milligram to five milligrams.
While there haven’t been extensive studies on the long-term safety of melatonin, some suggest its effectiveness in alleviating jet lag symptoms. Short-term effects may include headache, daytime sleepiness, loss of appetite followed by nausea, and dizziness. It’s advised that individuals with epilepsy or those taking Coumadin (warfarin) avoid melatonin supplements due to its status as a nutritional supplement, which isn’t extensively regulated. Consulting a doctor before using melatonin supplements for jet lag treatment is recommended to ensure proper dosage.
Additionally, doctors may prescribe sleep-inducing medications like zolpidem (Ambien) or benzodiazepines for individuals who struggle to fall asleep in a new time zone.
Symptoms of jet lag typically resolve within two weeks after arrival in a new time zone, though older individuals may take longer to adjust to new light-dark cycles compared to younger people. Those treated with melatonin supplements or sleep-inducing medications often experience relief within a few days of treatment.