Nabothian cysts, also known as nabothian follicles, epithelial inclusion cysts, or mucinous retention cysts, are small bumps filled with mucus found on the surface of the cervix. Typically ranging from 2 to 10 millimeters in diameter, these cysts contain mucus that can vary in color from pale yellow to amber.
Most commonly, nabothian cysts develop when new tissue grows over the cervix following childbirth, blocking the openings of the cervix’s nabothian glands. This blockage traps mucous secretions within small pockets beneath the skin. These cysts are considered a normal occurrence in women who have given birth and are also observed in menopausal women whose cervical skin has thinned due to aging. In some cases, nabothian cysts may be associated with chronic cervicitis, a persistent infection of the cervix.
Nabothian cysts are typically identified during routine gynecological examinations and are generally considered normal findings. However, if there are concerns regarding the size or appearance of the cyst, further evaluation may be warranted. This may involve a colposcopy procedure, which utilizes a magnifying instrument to closely examine the cervix’s surface. If abnormalities are detected during the colposcopy, a biopsy may be performed to check for rare forms of mucus-producing cancer. During a biopsy, a small tissue sample is collected from the cervix and examined in a laboratory.
Treatment Options
Usually, no treatment is needed. However, in some cases, your gynecologist may choose to remove the cyst. This can be done one of two ways:
- Electrocautery, which uses a heated probe to destroy the cyst
- Cryotherapy, in which the gynecologist freezes the cyst with liquid nitrogen