It’s common for pregnant women, particularly first-timers, to experience worry and even develop mental health issues during pregnancy. The challenges inherent in pregnancy underscore the importance of monitoring both physical and mental well-being. It’s natural to feel anxious at times, and experiencing significant emotional or mental changes shouldn’t come as a surprise.
According to the World Health Organization (WHO), around 10 percent of pregnant women experience a mental disorder, with depression being the most common. In severe cases, some women may even contemplate suicide. It’s crucial not to overlook or dismiss depression or any other mental health condition, particularly during pregnancy.
The Impact of Psychiatric Disorders on Pregnancy
Psychiatric disorders such as depression or anxiety during pregnancy can have adverse effects on the baby as well as the mother. Several studies have shown that children born to depressed mothers might be underweight or the mothers might experience fetal growth retardation.
Preterm delivery is another common problem among pregnant women experiencing mental health problems. Other pregnancy complications include an increased risk of pre-eclampsia, operative delivery and infant medical conditions including respiratory diseases, prematurity and hypoglycemia.
Important Mental Health Conditions to Monitor During Pregnancy
It’s typical to experience mood swings during pregnancy, so there’s no need to panic about occasional fluctuations. However, persistent feelings of sadness or distress warrant attention. Here are some mental health conditions to be mindful of during pregnancy:
Depression
Depression poses a significant health concern, impacting emotions, thoughts, and behaviors. Pregnant women may experience persistent feelings of sadness or irritability as a result of physiological and psychological changes. Prompt treatment is essential as untreated depression can negatively affect the well-being of the unborn child. If you notice any symptoms of depression, seek treatment without delay.
Anxiety
Anxiety, characterized by feelings of fear or worry, is common during pregnancy. Concerns about motherhood and the birthing process often trigger stress and worry. However, excessive anxiety can have adverse effects on both maternal and fetal well-being. It’s essential to address these concerns and manage anxiety effectively for the health of both mother and child.
Bipolar Disorder
Bipolar disorder is characterized by extreme mood swings, affecting brain function and causing unusual shifts in mood. These fluctuations can have detrimental effects on both maternal and fetal health during pregnancy.
Post-traumatic Stress Disorder
This mental health condition, known as post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), typically arises following exposure to or experiencing a traumatic event. Common symptoms include flashbacks, anxiety, and nightmares. Pregnant women with PTSD often experience heightened stress levels, which can impact both maternal and fetal health.
According to a report by the Institute for Research on Women and Gender at the University of Michigan, infants born to mothers with PTSD tend to have lower birth weights compared to infants born to mothers without PTSD.
Panic Attacks
Panic attacks manifest through symptoms like rapid heart rate, chest pain, nausea, dizziness, trembling, and numbness. Studies indicate an increase in panic attacks during pregnancy. These episodes pose significant concerns as they can affect fetal health and, in severe instances, may even lead to miscarriage.
Eating Disorders
The process of childbirth demands significant energy and nutrients, making it crucial to consume a well-balanced diet during pregnancy. Inadequate food intake can result in malnutrition and weakness. Eating disorders pose risks to both maternal and fetal health, potentially leading to complications such as premature birth. Therefore, maintaining a healthy and nourishing diet is essential for a successful pregnancy.
Talk to a Doctor
Receiving proper treatment for mental health conditions during pregnancy is paramount. Neglecting self-care can have repercussions on the growth and development of the unborn child. It’s essential to consult with a healthcare provider to address any concerns and develop strategies to optimize the chances of conceiving and delivering a healthy baby.