Dry eyes occur when the tear system fails to produce the necessary components to keep the eyes moisturized and lubricated, leading to discomfort and various symptoms. These symptoms may include pain, itching, redness, blurred vision, a sensation of sand in the eyes, and heightened sensitivity to light.
This condition, known as dry eye syndrome, is prevalent and tends to become more common with age due to a decline in tear production as part of the natural aging process. Women are disproportionately affected compared to men, and hormonal changes such as those occurring after menopause or during pregnancy or breastfeeding can exacerbate the syndrome. Additionally, medications like birth control pills, antidepressants, antihistamines, decongestants, antianxiety agents, and certain blood pressure medications can trigger dry eye syndrome. Moreover, some eye medications may induce dry eyes as an allergic reaction.
Several autoimmune disorders, such as Sjögren’s syndrome, rheumatoid arthritis, and myasthenia gravis, can also impair the body’s ability to produce tears. Other conditions like Bell’s palsy and thyroid dysfunction may contribute to dry eye symptoms as well.