Despite the widespread recognition of condoms as contraceptives, there is limited awareness about alternative effective methods for preventing pregnancy.
Pregnancy results from the fertilization of an egg by sperm. Contraceptives work by preventing this union of sperm and egg, thereby averting pregnancy. While condoms are commonly recognized for their dual role in preventing both pregnancy and sexually transmitted infections (STIs), there is a lack of awareness about alternative effective contraceptives for pregnancy prevention. Here are five effective contraceptives that can be utilized to avoid pregnancy.
Contraceptive Pills
Also referred to as oral contraceptive pills, these medications are taken daily by women. They contain synthetic versions of female hormones, estrogen and progesterone, and are available in three main types: combined estrogen and progesterone, progesterone-only, and extended-use pills. These hormones mimic the natural hormones produced by the ovaries.
These pills work by suppressing ovulation, preventing the release of eggs, and creating a barrier that makes it difficult for sperm to reach the egg. When used correctly, they are highly effective and do not impede sexual activity, allowing for spontaneity.
It’s important to note that oral contraceptive pills should only be taken under a doctor’s prescription. When used correctly, these pills are 99% effective, meaning fewer than one in 100 women may become pregnant within a year. However, not all women are suited to this form of contraception, and it can be associated with various side effects. Fortunately, there are alternative options available for those who may not tolerate oral contraceptive pills well.
Contraceptive Patch
Another form of contraception is the contraceptive patch, which operates by preventing sperm from fertilizing the egg. This method also relies on hormones; the patch adheres to the skin and releases hormones continuously.
In addition to inhibiting ovulation, the patch thickens cervical mucus, making it more difficult for sperm to penetrate the cervix. It also thins the uterine lining, reducing the likelihood of implantation of a fertilized egg.
Typically measuring five centimeters by five centimeters, the patch contains the same hormones found in combined pills. When used correctly, this method is 99% effective in preventing pregnancy.
Diaphragm
A diaphragm is a circular device typically made of silicone. It is inserted into the vagina before intercourse to block sperm from entering the cervix. Diaphragms are most effective when used in conjunction with spermicide, which helps to immobilize and kill sperm.
This contraceptive method is reusable and should be left in place for at least six hours after intercourse. It’s important to ensure that the diaphragm is the correct size for optimal effectiveness. When used correctly with spermicide, the diaphragm is 92% to 96% effective in preventing pregnancy.
Contraceptive Ring
Another hormonal contraceptive device is the vaginal ring, a flexible plastic ring inserted into the vagina. It remains in place for three weeks, releasing a combination of estrogen and progesterone. Afterward, it is removed for a week before being replaced for another three-week cycle. The ring can be inserted manually into the vagina.
However, it’s important to note that the vaginal ring does not provide protection against sexually transmitted infections (STIs).
Intrauterine Device
IUDs, or intrauterine devices, function by impeding the survival of sperm and egg within the fallopian tubes, and they can also inhibit the implantation of a fertilized egg in the uterus.
An IUD is a reversible, long-term contraceptive method. It consists of a small, T-shaped plastic or copper device that is inserted into the uterus. The insertion procedure is typically performed by a trained healthcare professional or doctor. Copper-containing IUDs are highly effective, with a success rate of over 99% in preventing pregnancy.