There are various reasons why vaginal bleeding during periods may occur. Here are 10 common reasons.

Vaginal bleeding between periods, also known as breakthrough bleeding or spotting, refers to bleeding that occurs before the onset or after the conclusion of menstruation. While post-menstrual bleeding is generally considered normal and doesn’t typically raise concerns, spotting, characterized by light blood flow, can have various underlying causes. These may include hormonal fluctuations, underlying health conditions, internal injuries, or trauma to the genital area, among others. Spotting may occur sporadically, but in some instances, it can present as heavy bleeding resembling regular menstrual flow. This article explores the nuances of vaginal bleeding, its potential causes, and methods for prevention. The medical term for this condition is “metrorrhagia.” Each woman’s menstrual cycle varies, typically occurring monthly or every 25-30 days and lasting 2-7 days.
What are the reasons behind vaginal bleeding
Several factors contribute to vaginal bleeding in women. The primary ones are elaborated upon below:
1. Hormonal contraceptives
Hormonal contraceptives such as birth control pills, vaginal rings, contraceptive patches, and intrauterine devices (IUDs) are often associated with vaginal bleeding during menstruation. Typically, this occurs primarily in the initial months of usage. However, if such bleeding persists over an extended period, it is advisable to seek medical advice promptly.
2. Emergency contraception
Occasionally, irregular spotting may occur as a result of using emergency contraceptive pills.
3. Implantation bleeding
This phenomenon is known as implantation bleeding, which women may experience upon conception. It occurs when the fertilized egg implants itself into the lining of the uterus.
4. Miscarriage
Following a miscarriage, women commonly experience either light or heavy vaginal bleeding as the body expels the remaining tissue. If a pregnant woman experiences vaginal bleeding, it is advisable for her to seek consultation with a gynecologist.
5. The medical procedure known as Termination of Pregnancy (TOP) or Abortion
Similar to miscarriage, vaginal bleeding can also occur in the case of abortion, although the likelihood is lower. Spotting after an in-clinic abortion procedure is common, but it typically resolves quickly and should not persist for an extended period.
6. Menopause
Typically, women experience menopause between the ages of 45 to 55 years. During this transitional phase, spotting is common as the body adjusts to hormonal changes, and bleeding may not cease completely. In some cases, women may also experience episodes of heavy vaginal bleeding.
7. Sexually transmitted infections (STIs)
Ensuring protected sex is crucial as it can prevent the transmission of sexually transmitted infections (STIs), which may result in vaginal bleeding. Chlamydia, for example, is an STI known to cause spotting between periods.
8. Polycystic ovary syndrome
Women diagnosed with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) commonly experience vaginal bleeding between periods. While this is a typical occurrence for them, it’s advisable to seek medical consultation if such bleeding persists.
9. Injury
Vaginal bleeding can occur when the skin tissue is damaged, often as a result of penetrative sex or vaginal dryness.
10. Cancer
Vaginal bleeding between periods could also indicate various types of cancer. If you notice any unusual symptoms, it’s essential to consult a doctor promptly for further evaluation and diagnosis.